If Else Statements in Python

Conditional statements are an essential part of any programming language, and Python is no exception. In Python, we can use the if-else statement to create conditional logic. The if-else statement allows us to execute one block of code if a particular condition is true, and another block of code if the condition is false.

The If Statement

The if statement in Python is used to test a particular condition. If the condition is true, the code inside the if block will be executed. For example:

# Example using if statement
x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

In the above example, the if statement tests if x is greater than 5. Since the condition is true, the code inside the block is executed, and the message "x is greater than 5" is printed to the console.

The If-Else Statement

The if-else statement allows us to execute one block of code if a condition is true, and another block of code if the condition is false. The syntax for the if-else statement in Python is:

# Example using if-else statement
x = 3
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
else:
    print("x is less than or equal to 5")

In the above example, the if statement tests if x is greater than 5. Since the condition is false, the code inside the else block is executed, and the message "x is less than or equal to 5" is printed to the console.

The If-Elif-Else Statement

Sometimes we need to test multiple conditions and execute different code blocks based on which condition is true. For this purpose, we can use the if-elif-else statement. The syntax for the if-elif-else statement in Python is:

# Example using if-elif-else statement
x = 3
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
elif x > 0:
    print("x is greater than 0 but less than or equal to 5")
else:
    print("x is less than or equal to 0")

In the above example, the first if statement tests if x is greater than 5. Since the condition is false, the second elif statement tests if x is greater than 0. Since the condition is true, the code inside the elif block is executed, and the message "xis greater than 0 but less than or equal to 5" is printed to the console.

Nested If Statements

We can also nest if statements within other if statements to create more complex conditional logic. For example:

# Example using nested if statements
x = 10
if x > 0:
    if x > 5:
        print("x is greater than 5")
    else:
        print("x is less than or equal to 5 but greater than 0")
else:
    print("x is less than or equal to 0")

In the above example, the outer if statement tests if x is greater than 0. Since the condition is true, the inner if statement tests if x is greater than 5. Since the condition is true, the code inside the inner if block is executed, and the message "x is greater than 5" is printed to the console.

Conclusion

The if-else statement is a powerful tool in Python that allows us to create conditional logic in our programs. By understanding the different types of conditional statements and how to use them, we can create more complex and useful programs.

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